Primary mirror: The objective of a reflecting telescope.Primary lens: The objective of a refracting telescope.Objective: The first lens or curved mirror that collects and focuses the incoming light.Mirrors and lenses are the critical light-bending components of a telescope. Cheshire collimator: A simple tool to collimate a telescope.Bottom Lens or Field Diaphragm: Knob used to adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen or slide from the base illumination.Low voltage halogen bulbs are the most commonly used source of illumination for compound microscopes. Illumination: Light used to illuminate the slide or specimen from the base of the microscope.Earlier microscopes used mirrors that reflected light into the base of the microscope instead of halogen bulbs as their source of illumination. Mirror: Reflects light into the base of the microscope.It is important to adjust these knobs so that the objective lens is never coming into contact with the slide or specimen on the stage. Stage height adjustment: Adjusts the position of the mechanical stage vertically & horizontally.These knobs increase or decrease the level of detail seen when looking at the slide or specimen through the eyepiece of the compound microscope. Coarse and fine adjustment controls: Adjusts the focus of the microscope.This piece of the compound microscope sits below the stage & typically acts as a structural support that connects the stage to arm or frame of the microscope. Abbe Condenser: This lens condenses the light from the base illumination and focuses it onto the stage.Aperture - Disc or Iris Diaphragm: Circular opening in the stage where the illumination from the base of the compound microscope reaches the platform of the stage.Stage clips or mechanical stage: Clips on the stage that hold the slide in place on the mechanical stage.The height of the mechanical stage is adjustable on most compound microscopes. Stage or Platform: The platform upon which the specimen or slide are placed.Most slides & slide covers are thin glass rectangles. Specimen or slide: The object used to hold the specimen in place along with slide covers for viewing.So, a compound microscope with a 10x eyepiece magnification looking through the 40x objective lens has a total magnification of 400x (10 x 40). The total magnification of a compound microscope is calculated by multiplying the objective lens magnification by the eyepiece magnification level. 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x are the most common magnifying powers used for the objectives.
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